Development of a convolutional neural network to accurately detect land use and land cover.

The detection and modeling of Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) play pivotal roles in natural resource management, environmental modeling and assessment, and ecological connectivity management. However, addressing LULCC detection and modeling constitutes a complex data-driven process. In the present study, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is employed due to its great potential in image classification. The development of these tools applies the deep learning method. A methodology has been developed that classifies the set of land uses in a natural area of special protection. This study area covers the Sierra del Cando (Galicia, northwest Spain), considered by the European Union as a Site of Community Interest and integrated in the Natura 2000 Network. The results of the CNN model developed show an accuracy of 91 % on training dataset and 88 % on test dataset. In addition, the model was tested on images of the study area, both from Sentinel-2 and PNOA. Despite some confusion especially in the residential class due to the characteristics in this area, CNNs prove to be a powerful classification tool.•Classifications based on a CNN model•LULC are classified into 10 different classes•Training and test accuracy are 91 % and 88 %, respectively.

Sediment source fingerprints of natural processes and anthropogenic pressures: A contribution to manage the Paraopeba River basin impacted by the B1 tailings dam collapse.

Understanding the origins of sediment transport in river systems is crucial for effective watershed management, especially after catastrophic events. This information is essential for the development of integrated strategies that guarantee water security in river basins. The present study aimed to investigate the rupture of the B1 tailings dam of the Córrego do Feijão mine, which drastically affected the Brumadinho region (Minas Gerais, Brazil). To address this issue, a confluence-based sediment fingerprinting approach was developed through the SedSAT model. Uncertainty was assessed through Monte Carlo simulations and Mean Absolute Error (MAE). Estimates of the overall average contributions of each tributary were quantified for each station and annually during the period 2019-2021. It was observed that the sampling point PT-09, closest to the dam breach, contributed to almost 80% of the Paraopeba River in 2019. Despite the dredging efforts, this percentage increased to 90% in 2020 due to the need to restore the highly degraded area. Additionally, the main tributaries contributing to sediment increase in the river are Manso River "TT-03" (almost 36%), associated with an area with a high percentage of urban land use, and Cedro stream "TT-07" (almost 71%), whose geology promotes erosion, leading to higher sediment concentration. Uncertainties arise from the limited number of available tracers, variations caused by dredging activities, and reduced data in 2020 due to the pandemic. Parameters such as land use, riparian vegetation degradation, downstream basin geology, and increased precipitation are key factors for successfully assessing tributary contributions to the Paraopeba River. The obtained results are promising for a preliminary analysis, allowing the quantification of key areas due to higher erosion and studying how this disaster affected the watershed. This information is crucial for improving decision-making, environmental governance, and the development of mitigating measures to ensure water security. This study is pioneering in evaluating this methodology in watersheds affected by environmental disasters, where restoration efforts are ongoing.

Geospatial mapping of carbon estimates for forested areas using the InVEST model and Sentinel-2: A case study in Galicia (NW Spain).

CO2 emissions have increased exponentially in recent years, so measuring and quantifying carbon sequestration is a step towards sustainable forest management and combating climate change. The overall goal of this study is to develop an accurate model for estimating carbon storage and sequestration for forest areas of the Atlantic Biogeographic Region. Specifically, the modelling and field sampling are carried out in the municipality of Baiona (Galicia, NW Spain), which was selected as a representative biome of this region. The methodology consists of carrying out two object-based image analysis (OBIA) classifications in spring and autumn to observe possible stocks of seasonal differences. Two carbon storage and sequestration models are built up (model 1 and model 2): model 1 for forest areas only and model 2 including all other land cover in the study area. Sentinel-2 geospatial data for 2021, Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) tools and geographic information systems (GIS) are used. A Kappa index of 0.92 is obtained for both classifications, thus ruling out any notable seasonal differences in the images used. The results from both models indicate that it is land covers associated with forest uses which store the most carbon in the study area, accounting for >50 % more than the other land covers. It is concluded that the methodology and data used are very useful for quantifying ecosystem services, which will help the governance of the region by implementing measures to mitigate some of the effects of climate change and help to create silvicultural models for the sustainable management of the Atlantic Biogeographic Region.

The ability of donkey sperm to induce oocyte activation and mule embryo development after ICSI.

Members of the Equus genus exhibit a fascinating capacity for hybridization, giving rise to healthy offspring. Mules, resulting from the mating of a mare with a jack, represent the most prevalent equid hybrid, serving diverse roles in our society. While in vitro embryo production, particularly through Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI), has rapidly gained significance in domestic horses, the in vitro production in other equids remains largely unexplored. Utilizing donkey sperm for fertilizing horse oocytes not only addresses this gap but also provides an opportunity to investigate donkey sperm's fertilization capability in vitro to further improve donkey ICSI. In this work, we initially studied the localization of donkey sperm Phospholipase C zeta (PLCζ) and assessed the sperm's capacity to induce pronuclear formation and maternal SMARCA4 recruitment upon injection into pig oocytes through ICSI. Subsequently, we investigated the injection of donkey sperm into horse oocytes, evaluating in vitro production up to the blastocyst stage using sperm from different jacks, including frozen and refrigerated samples. Distinct patterns of PLCζ localization were observed for donkey sperm cells compared to their horse counterparts. Additionally, donkey sperm exhibits a reduced ability to induce porcine oocyte activation. However, when injected into horse oocytes, donkey sperm demonstrated sufficient capability to induce oocyte activation as no discernible differences in cleavage or blastocyst rates are observed between in vitro produced mules and horse ICSI embryos. Our study not only delineates PLCζ localization in donkey sperm but also suggests potential differences in the ability to induce oocyte activation in pigs compared to horses while observing no distinctions in pronuclear recruitment of SMARCA4. Interestingly, donkey sperm remains sufficiently capable of inducing horse oocyte activation for in vitro mule blastocyst production.

ACT-Discover: identifying karyotype heterogeneity in pancreatic cancer evolution using ctDNA.

BACKGROUND: Liquid biopsies and the dynamic tracking of somatic mutations within circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) can provide insight into the dynamics of cancer evolution and the intra-tumour heterogeneity that fuels treatment resistance. However, identifying and tracking dynamic changes in somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs), which have been associated with poor outcome and metastasis, using ctDNA is challenging. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a disease which has been considered to harbour early punctuated events in its evolution, leading to an early fitness peak, with minimal further subclonal evolution. METHODS: To interrogate the role of SCNAs in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cancer evolution, we applied whole-exome sequencing of 55 longitudinal cell-free DNA (cfDNA) samples taken from 24 patients (including 8 from whom a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) was derived) with metastatic disease prospectively recruited into a clinical trial. We developed a method, Aneuploidy in Circulating Tumour DNA (ACT-Discover), that leverages haplotype phasing of paired tumour biopsies or PDXs to identify SCNAs in cfDNA with greater sensitivity. RESULTS: SCNAs were observed within 28 of 47 evaluable cfDNA samples. Of these events, 30% could only be identified by harnessing the haplotype-aware approach leveraged in ACT-Discover. The exceptional purity of PDX tumours enabled near-complete phasing of genomic regions in allelic imbalance, highlighting an important auxiliary function of PDXs. Finally, although the classical model of pancreatic cancer evolution emphasises the importance of early, homogenous somatic events as a key requirement for cancer development, ACT-Discover identified substantial heterogeneity of SCNAs, including parallel focal and arm-level events, affecting different parental alleles within individual tumours. Indeed, ongoing acquisition of SCNAs was identified within tumours throughout the disease course, including within an untreated metastatic tumour. CONCLUSIONS: This work demonstrates the power of haplotype phasing to study genomic variation in cfDNA samples and reveals undiscovered intra-tumour heterogeneity with important scientific and clinical implications. Implementation of ACT-Discover could lead to important insights from existing cohorts or underpin future prospective studies seeking to characterise the landscape of tumour evolution through liquid biopsy.

Assessment of high spatial resolution satellite imagery for monitoring riparian vegetation: riverine management in the smallholding.

Riverine habitats are essential ecotones that bridge aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, providing multiple ecosystem services. This study analyses the potential use of high-resolution satellite imagery, provided by the WorldView-2 satellite, in order to assess its viability for monitoring riparian ecosystems. It is performed by calculating the riparian strip quality index (RSQI) and calibrating it with the riparian quality index (QBR). The methodology was implemented in the Umia River, which is characterised by elevated anthropogenic pressures (located in the northwest of Spain). The results obtained by the method have a 92% of veracity and a kappa coefficient of 0.88. The average quality value obtained for the RSQI index was 71.57, while the average value for the QBR was 55.88. This difference could be attributed to the fact that the former does not differ between autochthonous and non-autochthonous vegetation. The areas with more accurate mapping corresponded to stretches of vegetation with optimal cover (80-50%), with good connectivity with the adjacent forest ecosystem and few or no presence of invasive plants. The worst-scoring sites had the next characteristics: low connectivity (< 10%), low forest cover (< 10%) and a higher presence of invasive plants. The degradation of vegetation could be explained by the presence of agriculture and deficient land use rationing caused by the type of ownership of the study area. The application of this index through satellite images will facilitate the environmental governance of multiple ecosystems and in special riparian ecosystems, obtaining a quick and objective methodology, easily replicable in other basins.

A detailed alarm management report as a tool for the treatment of bad actors at a gas logistics plant.

BACKGROUND: The treatment of bad actors consists of analyzing the most triggered alarms at a plant, seeking to make modifications that provide workers with more efficient and safer operational conditions. The consideration of plant operators' practical knowledge in these proposed changes is both an opportunity and a challenge, as specific conditions are required. OBJECTIVE: To present and discuss how an alarm management report (AMR) could support the treatment of bad actors by promoting structured debates on real work situations and its contribution in improving the solutions proposed by alarm management committees (AMCs). METHODS: Data from nine AMC meetings were gathered and parsed using qualitative content analysis to classify the kind of information that the AMC used to justify the proposed changes and how these changes were decided. RESULTS: More than 60% of the changes were justified by information provided by the AMRs, indicating broad application and adoption. However, our findings suggest that the structured debates addressed variability and emerging strategies and may consider entire subsystems instead of single alarms. CONCLUSION: The use of structured debates is feasible for the treatment of bad actors and is an appropriate option that includes operating experience feedback for alarm optimization in industrial facilities.

Modelling of threats that affect Cyano-HABs in an eutrophicated reservoir: First phase towards water security and environmental governance in watersheds.

Cyano-HABs are proliferating around the world due to anthropogenic nutrient enrichment of freshwater bodies. This study seeks to obtain a holistic vision over the various threats that affect the Cyano-HABs of Umia basin and especially of A Baxe reservoir (Galicia, NW Spain), through the method of Partial least squares path modelling (PLS-PM). The A Baxe reservoirs is a fundamental source of drinking water supply to surrounding dwellings. This study identifies and quantify the variables that increase contaminant concentration and decrease ecological integrity, as well as how this scenario evolved over various hydrologic years. In this regard, the PLS-PM equations will be robust and powerful tools to predict changes in eutrophication and ecological integrity, as response to measures implemented in the basin that can improve water quality. The dependent latent variables are "Eutrophication" (chlorophyl-a, Microcystis sp.) and "Ecological Integrity" (METI Bioindicator). The independent latent variables are "SWP", which represents surface water parameters (phosphorus, nitrogen and pH) and "Climatic Conditions" (temperature, precipitation). The PLS-PM results revealed that 51.0% of "Eutrophication" is predicted by the independent variables. The connections between latent variables are quantified through path coefficients (ß). The "SWP" contributes by increasing "Eutrophication" (ß = 0.235), the same occurring with the "Climatic Conditions" (ß = -0.672). The variables "Eutrophication" (ß = -0.217) and "SWP" (ß = -0.483) lower the "Ecological Integrity". On the other hand, different trophic scenarios, adapted to the temperature increase predicted for the study area, were tested, and it was found that ecological integrity would improve by 46% if the oligotrophic state were reached. Therefore, it is recommended to prevent pollution by means of water control and governance plans, as well as corrective and preventive measures, which guarantee the water security of the river basins. Despite the complex mathematics behind the PLS-PM models, their user-friendly development and application through interactive graphical interfaces make them easily transposable to other eutrophic reservoirs, widening the readership of these studies focused on multiple-geosphere assessment of environmental impacts.

TEMPORARY REMOVAL: Sand, Sun, Sea and Sex with Strangers, the "five S's". Characterizing "cruising" activity and its environmental impacts on a protected coastal dunefield.

The publisher regrets that this article has been temporarily removed. A replacement will appear as soon as possible in which the reason for the removal of the article will be specified, or the article will be reinstated. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.

Deforestation by historical lime industry in an arid aeolian sedimentary system: An applied and methodological research.

Traditional land uses have been altering aeolian sedimentary systems for centuries through the removal of plant material for grazing, fuel or farming purposes. However, few studies have been able to quantify the deforestation process associated with these land uses due to the complexity that this entails and the limitations of the historical sources. In this context, the aim of this work is to develop a methodology that allows to reconstruct, evaluate, measure and locate the effects of deforestation processes. The methodology, based on the interpretation of historical documents, oral interviews and publications in the literature; was applied to a case study in Jandía (Fuerteventura, Canary Islands, Spain). On the basis of morphological measurements of the types of plant used to fire lime kilns, the current available biovolume was determined and an estimation made of the surface area affected by plant removal. The data obtained were integrated and analysed through a geographic information system (GIS) in order to quantify the impact of the lime kiln industry on the vegetation in the study area. The main results show that to fire a large-sized lime kiln oven it would be necessary to clear a low-density vegetation area of 21,826.08 m2 (or a a high-density vegetation area of 3075.72 m2) using three main species (Launaea arborescens, Lycium intricatum and Convolvulus caput-madusae). It was also found that distances of up to 38 km had to be travelled to obtain the vegetation required to fire the kilns. It is concluded that a number of impacts resulted from the demands of the limestone industry, particularly on plant communities, the abundance of certain species and flora richness, as well as modifications to geomorphological processes and the eventual collapse of the activity in the 1960s through overexploitation of the plant material. The present research allows us to learn from past experiences in which industries lacked proper planning and thus their activity led to their own collapse and rapid environmental degradation.

Análise da organização do trabalho nos Núcleos Ampliados de Saúde da Família e Atenção Básica no Rio de Janeiro / Analysis of work organization in the Extended Family and Primary Health Care Centers in Rio de Janeiro

Resumo A implantação dos Núcleos Ampliados de Saúde da Família e Atenção Básica (NASF) fomentou estratégias de cuidados mais dialógicas e o acompanhamento de grupos populacionais que, historicamente, tinham pouco acesso à Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). No município do Rio de Janeiro, oscilações na gestão federal e municipal implicaram redução ou eliminação dessas equipes. Para apreender os impactos desse cenário no cotidiano das equipes do NASF, esta pesquisa analisou documentos normativos e a percepção dos profissionais a respeito da organização do trabalho. Para tanto, realizou-se pesquisa qualitativa que utilizou coleta de dados, análise documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas com oito profissionais do NASF de uma região do Rio de Janeiro, entre agosto de 2019 e fevereiro de 2020. O tratamento dos dados baseou-se na análise de conteúdo. Os resultados expõem os impactos das mudanças nas diretrizes de organização e financiamento do NASF e abordam a percepção dos trabalhadores sobre o processo de trabalho. Assim, evidenciou-se que o NASF apresenta grande potencial de qualificação das ações e intervenções no contexto da APS, porém, a crescente precarização do trabalho sobrecarrega os trabalhadores e dificulta o alcance de seus objetivos originais.

Abstract The implementation of Extended Family and Primary Health Care Centers (EFPHCC) has fostered more dialogic care strategies and the monitoring of population groups that, historically, had little access to Primary Health Care (PHC). However, in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, oscillations in federal and municipal management implied the reduction or elimination of these teams. To understand the impacts of this scenario on the daily routine of EFPHCC teams, this research analyzed regulatory documents and the professionals' perception of the work organization. Accordingly, a qualitative study was conducted using data collection, document analysis, and semi-structured interviews with eight EFPHCC professionals from a region of Rio de Janeiro between August 2019 and February 2020. Data treatment was based on content analysis. The results expose the impacts of the changes in the organization and financing guidelines of EFPHCC and address the workers' perception of the work process. Thus, it was evident that EFPHCC has the potential to qualify actions and interventions in the context of PHC; however, the growing job insecurity overloads the workers and hinders the achievement of its original goals.

Assessing the scenic quality of transgressive dune systems on volcanic islands. The case of Corralejo (Fuerteventura island, Spain).

The formation of transgressive aeolian sedimentary systems on hot-spot volcanic islands results in globally singular conditions. The natural attractions and landscape features of these spaces can result in the concentration of urban-tourist developments in their surroundings, altering their physical integrity and their ecological and scenic functionality. This has been the case of the Corralejo dunefield in Fuerteventura (Canary Islands, Spain), where the strong pressure exerted by tourism is endangering the area's natural and landscape resources. This study aims to qualitatively assess the landscape heritage through a number of indicators, some of which are developed on the basis of user perception. Four landscape dimensions (substratum, sea, vegetation, and scenic background) were used to analyse the 24 landscape units into which the Corralejo beach-dune system was divided. The results show that this system presents a high landscape value, as do its four different dimensions. This value was found to decrease in areas bordering the urban area or where tourists were commonly present. Recommendations are proposed to improve the area based on user perceptions. This type of research is of interest for future planning, ordinance preparation and management with a view to establishing a balance between the physical medium and anthropic pressure.

Testing the Contribution of Multi-Source Remote Sensing Features for Random Forest Classification of the Greater Amanzule Tropical Peatland.

Tropical peatlands such as Ghana's Greater Amanzule peatland are highly valuable ecosystems and under great pressure from anthropogenic land use activities. Accurate measurement of their occurrence and extent is required to facilitate sustainable management. A key challenge, however, is the high cloud cover in the tropics that limits optical remote sensing data acquisition. In this work we combine optical imagery with radar and elevation data to optimise land cover classification for the Greater Amanzule tropical peatland. Sentinel-2, Sentinel-1 and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) imagery were acquired and integrated to drive a machine learning land cover classification using a random forest classifier. Recursive feature elimination was used to optimize high-dimensional and correlated feature space and determine the optimal features for the classification. Six datasets were compared, comprising different combinations of optical, radar and elevation features. Results showed that the best overall accuracy (OA) was found for the integrated Sentinel-2, Sentinel-1 and SRTM dataset (S2+S1+DEM), significantly outperforming all the other classifications with an OA of 94%. Assessment of the sensitivity of land cover classes to image features indicated that elevation and the original Sentinel-1 bands contributed the most to separating tropical peatlands from other land cover types. The integration of more features and the removal of redundant features systematically increased classification accuracy. We estimate Ghana's Greater Amanzule peatland covers 60,187 ha. Our proposed methodological framework contributes a robust workflow for accurate and detailed landscape-scale monitoring of tropical peatlands, while our findings provide timely information critical for the sustainable management of the Greater Amanzule peatland.

Spatiotemporal analysis of the impact of artificial beach structures on biogeomorphological processes in an arid beach-dune system.

The research hypothesis considered in this study is that decisions adopted on beach use and management in arid environments can result in significant changes in the biogeomorphological processes of the beach-dune system of which it forms part. Different information sources and geographical information systems were used to make a spatiotemporal analysis of possible correlations between the presence of beach equipment, services and uses in the backshore area of an arid beach-dune system, such as the beach named Playa del Inglés (Gran Canaria island, Spain) and environmental changes detected in the same area. The period considered in the study covers from 1961 (before the development of the mass tourism on the island) to 2018. Significant variations in vegetation cover over the course of the study period were detected, as well as an overall increase in erosion (topographic and erosive aeolian landforms) and foredune fragmentation and a decrease in geomorphological resilience. The study found not only relationships between management decisions and environmental impacts, but also that environmental impacts of management decisions on beach use made in the 1970s and 1980s continue to be felt today. Moreover, the results also reinforce the idea that management decisions made based on the results of scientific research studies (management-research binomial) can lead to more environmentally sustainable actions.

Water security and watershed management assessed through the modelling of hydrology and ecological integrity: A study in the Galicia-Costa (NW Spain).

Water management is a crucial tool for addressing the increasing uncertainties caused by climate change, biodiversity loss and the conditions of socioeconomic limits. The multiple factors affecting water resources need to be successfully managed to achieve optimal governance and thus move towards water security. This study seeks to obtain a holistic vision of the various threats that affect the ecological integrity of the basins that form the hydrological district of Galicia-Costa, through the method of partial least squares path modelling (PLS-PM). The data is analysed overall for the hydrological years from 2009 to 2015. The independent latent variables are "Anthropogenic" (comprising the percentage of water bodies with edges alongside artificial surfaces, the percentage connected to artificial land use patches, the edge density of artificial surfaces and population density) and "Nature" (edge density of forestry land uses, edge length of land water bodies alongside forested areas and the percentage of land occupied by the largest patch of forest). The dependent latent variables are "SWP", which represents surface water parameters (biological oxygen demand, chlorides, conductivity and dissolved iron) and "Ecological Integrity" (METI Bioindicator). The connections between latent variables are uantified through path coefficients (ß). From an overall perspective, the PLS-PM results reveal that 69.0% of "SWP" is predicted by the independent variables (R2 = 0.690), "Anthropogenic" contributes by increasing SWP (ß = 0.471), while "Nature" decreases the concentration of SWP (ß = -0.523), which indicates the polluting parameters in the water. The variables "Anthropogenic" (ß = -0.351) and "SWP" (ß = -0.265) lower the quality of "Ecological Integrity". This variable must be managed through soil conservation measures for the benefit of water security. This study has been able to identify and quantify the variables that increase contaminant concentration and decrease ecological integrity, providing a promising methodology that facilitates protection and correction measures to guarantee water safety.

Effect of egg yolk-based extender and seminal plasma removal on sperm viability of cooled donkey semen / Efeito do diluente à base de gema de ovo e remoção do plasma seminal na viabilidade espermática do sêmen refrigerado de jumento

Developing effective cooled semen protocols is essential to increase pregnancy rates and reproductive efficiency in donkeys. This study aimed to evaluate the effect on sperm kinetic parameters and membrane integrity in cooled donkey semen diluted with defined milk proteins extender with 1% or 2% of egg yolk and the removal of seminal plasma. Twenty-four ejaculates from six jackasses were collected. Each ejaculate was divided into four aliquots that were diluted in extender with 1% (EY1) or 2% (EY2) egg yolk. One sample from each group was centrifuged, seminal plasma was removed (CEY1, CEY2 groups, respectively), and the samples were then refrigerated at 5 °C for 24 h. Fresh and cooled semen samples were assessed for sperm motility, morphology, and plasma membrane integrity. Total motility, progressive motility, sperm kinetic parameters, or live sperm cells were not statistically different when semen was cooled with an extender supplemented with 1% or 2% of egg yolk. Seminal plasma removal does not affect total motility or sperm kinetic parameters. However, progressive motility decreased (P<0.05) when semen was extended with 2% of egg yolk and seminal plasma was removed. Membrane integrity was affected (P<0.05) in centrifuged samples. In conclusion, the obtained results suggest that there is no difference in sperm kinetics and membrane integrity when 1% or 2% of egg yolk was added to the Equiplus extender. Also, the removal of seminal plasma by centrifugation did not have any beneficial effect on cooled donkey semen. Further studies are needed to relate these results with in vivo fertility tests with cooled donkey semen.(AU)

O desenvolvimento de protocolos de sêmen resfriado eficazes é essencial para aumentar as taxas de prenhez e eficiência reprodutiva em jumentos. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o efeito do diluente à base de proteínas do leite com 1 ou 2% de gema de ovo sobre os parâmetros cinéticos do sêmen e integridade da membrana em sêmen resfriado de jumento, com ou sem a remoção do plasma seminal. Vinte e quatro ejaculados de seis jumentos foram coletados. Cada ejaculado foi dividido em quatro alíquotas e diluído em diluente com 1% (EY1) ou 2% (EY2) de gema de ovo. Uma amostra por grupo foi centrifugada e o plasma seminal removido (grupos CEY1 e CEY2, respectivamente). Os pellets foram novamente ressuspendidos nas mesmas concentrações e diluentes. Em seguida, as quatro alíquotas foram refrigeradas a 5°C por 24 horas. Amostras de sêmen fresco e refrigerado foram avaliadas quanto à motilidade espermática e integridade da membrana plasmática. Motilidade total, motilidade progressiva, parâmetros de cinética espermática ou células espermáticas vivas não apresentaram diferença significativa quando o sêmen foi resfriado com diluente suplementado com 1% ou 2% de gema de ovo. A remoção do plasma seminal não afetou a motilidade total ou os parâmetros de cinética espermática; entretanto, a motilidade progressiva diminuiu (P<0,05) quando o sêmen foi diluído com 2% de gema de ovo e o plasma seminal removido. Nas amostras centrifugadas, a integridade da membrana foi afetada (P<0,05). Em conclusão, os resultados sugerem que não há diferença na cinética espermática e na integridade da membrana quando 1% ou 2% de gema de ovo são adicionados ao diluente Equiplus e a remoção do plasma seminal por centrifugação não teve nenhum efeito benéfico no resfriamento de sêmen de jumento. Mais estudos são necessários para relacionar esses resultados com testes de fertilidade in vivo com sêmen resfriado em jumentos.(AU)

Formação para o SUS: a trajetória de adesão de um curso de terapia ocupacional às políticas indutoras de mudança curricular Pró e PET-Saúde, / Training for SUS: the adhesion trajectory of a course on occupational therapy to the inducing policies of curricular change Pró and PET-Saúde,

Resumo Tendo por base a relevância das políticas indutoras da formação para, com e no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), este artigo apresenta a experiência da participação do Curso de Graduação em Terapia Ocupacional da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro no Pró-Saúde e no PET-Saúde, bem como indica as perspectivas e desafios que ainda se configuram. Trata-se de um relato de experiência a respeito de como, juntamente com outros cursos da universidade, o curso de terapia ocupacional se lançou ao desafio de rever sua matriz curricular, criando metodologias de ensino e aprendizagem que favorecessem uma formação profissional eticamente compromissada com o SUS e que reconhecessem o papel estratégico da Atenção Básica à Saúde (ABS) nos modos de pensar e agir em saúde. Nesse contexto, foi eleita uma unidade básica de saúde no entorno da Universidade que passou a receber estudantes de seis disciplinas obrigatórias remodeladas para promover maior integração ensino-serviço. Também foram desenvolvidas ações de extensão e projetos de pesquisa abarcando populações historicamente atendidas pela terapia ocupacional, mas com acesso limitado à ABS. Por fim, foi criada uma disciplina obrigatória sobre o tema. As iniciativas do curso de terapia ocupacional se configuraram como resistência a processos de captura dos modos de produção do cuidado pela lógica produtivista, insistindo na sensibilização dos atores, na visibilidade a seus modos de saber-fazer alinhados à perspectiva da integralidade, e na articulação da construção de terrenos férteis para a produção de saúde e convivência com e nas diferenças.

Abstract Based on the relevance of formation-inducing policies for, with and in the Unified Health System (SUS), this article aims to present the participation of Occupational Therapy undergraduate course of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro in national policies (Pró-Saúde and PET-Saúde), as well as indicate the perspectives and challenges that still exist. It is an experience report about how, with other university courses, the Occupational Therapy course reviewed its curriculum matrix, creating new teaching and learning methodologies that provide professional training ethically committed to SUS and that recognize the strategic role of Primary Care in the ways of thinking and acting in health. In this context, a Basic Health Unit in the vicinity of the University was chosen and started to receive students from six subjects remodeled to promote greater integration between teaching and health service. Extension actions and research projects were also developed, covering populations historically served by Occupational Therapy, but with limited access to primary care. Finally, a compulsory subject on the topic was created. The initiatives of the Occupational Therapy course were configured as resistance to processes in which the productivist logic captures the production of care. Therefore, they sought to raise awareness of the actors, to give visibility to their know-how aligned to the perspective of integrality, and to articulate them in the construction of fertile lands to produce health and living within the differences.

Núcleo Poiesis: uma construção interinstitucional para o fortalecimento dos estudos e práticas sobre terapia ocupacional e trabalho / PoiesisNucleus: an interinstitutional construction to strengthen studies and practices on occupational therapy and work

O Núcleo Poiesis -Laboratório Interinstitucional de Terapia Ocupacional e Trabalho, nasceu da vontade de estabelecer ações coletivas, parcerias interinstitucionais e experimentações acadêmicas entre docentes e terapeutas ocupacionais que estudam o trabalho. Esse relato de experiência descreve o processo deconstrução do Núcleo Poiesis, apresenta o perfil de suas pesquisadoras,suas produções e parcerias, seus projetos futuros e as contribuiçõesdesse grupo para os estudos e práticas sobre terapia ocupacionale trabalho. Enquanto coletivo, as produções somaram até então doisartigos, quatro capítulos de livros, além de parcerias interinstitucionaisem ensino, pesquisa e extensão, coordenação de debates sobreterapia ocupacional e trabalho nos principais congressos, eventose instituições representativas da profissão no país. Conclui-se quea experiência coletiva de pares promoveu uma interlocução entreas universidades espalhadas por todo território nacional, o que éindispensável para promover trocas de experiências, saberes e práticas no campo do trabalho e Terapia Ocupacional.

he Poiesis Nucleus - Interinstitutional Laboratory of Occupational Therapy and Work was born from the desire to set collective actions, inter-institutional partnerships, and academic dialogues between professors and occupational therapists that study work. This experience report describes the Nucleus building process. Also, it presents a profile of its researchers' members, productions, partnerships, future projects, and the contributions of this group to the studies and practices about occupational therapy and work. As a collective, the productions have summed up to two papers, four book chapters, inter-institutional partnerships in teaching, research, and extension activities, and debates about Occupational Therapy and work in academic events, with the leading professional's institutions in the country. It is concluded that the collective experience of peers promoted a dialogue between universities spread throughout the national territory, which is essential to promote exchanges of experiences, knowledge, and practices in the work field and Occupational Therapy

Community Health Agent: a professional world in search of consolidation / Agente comunitário de saúde: um mundo profissional em busca de consolidação

Abstract The contribution of community health agents (CHAs) is strategic for overcoming the biomedical health model. However, weaknesses in defining the specific roles of this profession impose contradictions and impediments to this work, making it difficult to construct the professional world of CHAs. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the tasks performed by the CHAs to reveal the objects, values, and tools, used by these workers to help consolidate their professional world. This study is a qualitative research study guided by the principles of activity ergonomics that include documentary analysis, systematic observations, and interviews. The results showed that due to the myriad of activities performed by the CHAs, the professional world of these workers is not fully delineated. However, it is believed that the results, analysis, and discussion of the data verified in this research, can support the consolidation of the professional world of the CHAs.

Resumo A contribuição do trabalho dos ACS tem sido apontada como estratégica para superação do modelo biomédico de produção de saúde. No entanto, fragilidades na delimitação dessa profissão impõem contradições e impedimentos a esse trabalho, dificultando a construção do mundo profissional dos ACS. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as tarefas realizadas pelos ACS no intuito de revelar objeto, valores e ferramentas usadas por esses trabalhadores que ajudem na consolidação do seu mundo profissional. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa norteada pelos princípios da Ergonomia da Atividade, que contou com análise documental, observações sistemáticas e entrevistas. Os resultados demonstraram que em virtude de distintas e inúmeras atividades executadas pelos ACS, o mundo profissional desses trabalhadores não está plenamente delineado. Contudo, acredita-se que o resultado, análise e discussão dos dados apurados nesta pesquisa são capazes de apontar elementos que servem para apoiar a consolidação do mundo profissional dos ACS.

Radiation-induced liver disease in the era of SBRT: a review.

INTRODUCTION: Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) in liver tumors allows ablative radiation doses in tumors preserving the liver tissue. However, liver is a parallel organ allowing high doses in a small region to preserve its function. If this is not possible, radio-induced liver toxicity is produced. Radio-induced liver toxicity or radio-induced liver disease (RILD) is the most serious toxicity in liver radiotherapy. AREAS COVERED: In this review, we analyzed published literature on PubMed and MEDLINE. We included papers in English language with information about RILD characteristics, diagnostic, risk factors, pathophysiology, and treatment. All citations were evaluated for relevant content and validation. EXPERT OPINION: The study of RILD is fundamental before the implementation of liver SBRT. Radio-induced liver toxicity is a complication that can be fatal for patients. This is a diagnosis of exclusion and it is essential that experts in the treatment of hepatic SBRT know about it and anticipate its development. The study and development of molecular or imaging biomarkers could be key in their diagnosis and prevention.